NYC BC 2008: Carbon Monoxide Alarm Requirements

908.7.1.1 Affected dwelling units. Carbon monoxide alarms or detectors shall be required within the following dwelling units:

1. Units on the same story where carbon monoxide-producing equipment or enclosed parking is located.

2. Units on the stories above and below the floor where carbon monoxide-producing equipment or enclosed parking is located.

3. Units in a building containing a carbon monoxide-producing furnace, boiler, or water heater as part of a central system.

4. Units in a building served by a carbon monoxide-producing furnace, boiler, or water heater as part of a central system that is located in an adjoining or attached building.

908.7.1.1.1 Required locations within dwelling units.

Carbon monoxide alarms or detectors shall be located within dwelling units as follows:

1. Outside of any room used for sleeping purposes, within 15 feet (4572 mm) of the entrance to such room.

2. In any room used for sleeping purposes.

3. On any story within a dwelling unit, including below-grade stories and penthouses of any area, but not including crawl spaces and uninhabitable attics.

908.7.1.1.2 Installation requirements.

Carbon monoxide alarms or detectors shall comply with the power source, interconnection, and acceptance testing requirements as required for smoke alarms in accordance with Sections 907.2.10.2 through 907.2.10.4.

NYC Building Code - 2008: Concrete Testing

1704.4 Concrete construction. The special inspections and verifications for concrete construction shall be as required by this section and Table 1704.4.

Exception: Special inspections shall not be required for the following when specifically exempted on the approved construction documents:

1. Concrete placement of less than 50 cubic yards (38 m³)‡ provided that the concrete is nonstructural and is not subject to the durability requirements of Section 1904. In such case, testing may be waived by the registered design professional who prepared the structural construction documents.

2. Nonstructural concrete slabs supported directly on the ground, including prestressed slabs on grade, where the effective prestress in the concrete is less than 150 psi (1.03 Mpa).

3. Concrete foundation(s) for lightweight fences and recreational equipment.

4. Concrete patios, site furnishings, garden walls, driveways, sidewalks and similar construction.

NYC Zoning Floor Area

Floor Area*
The floor area of a building is the sum of the gross area of each floor of the building, excluding mechanical space, cellar space, floor space in open balconies, elevators or stair bulkheads and, in most zoning districts, floor space used for accessory parking that is located less than 23 feet above curb level.

 

Floor Area Ratio (FAR)* The floor area ratio is the principal bulk regulation controlling the size of buildings. FAR is the ratio of total building floor area to the area of its zoning lot. Each zoning district has an FAR which, when multiplied by the lot area of the zoning lot, produces the maximum amount of floor area allowable on that zoning lot. For example, on a 10,000 square foot zoning lot in a district with a maximum FAR of 1.0, the floor area on the zoning lot cannot exceed 10,000 square feet.

NYC Building Code 2008: Area Definitions

FLOOR AREA, GROSS. The floor area within the inside perimeter of the exterior walls of the building under consideration, exclusive of courts, without deduction for corridors, stairways, closets, the thickness of interior walls, columns or other features. The floor area of a building, or portion thereof, not provided with surrounding exterior walls shall be the usable area under the horizontal projection of the roof or floor above. The gross floor area shall not include interior courts.

FLOOR AREA, NET. The actual occupied area not including the thickness of walls, partitions, columns, furred-in spaces, fixed cabinets, equipment, and unoccupied accessory areas such as corridors, stairways, toilet rooms, mechanical rooms and closets.

NYC Building Code 1968: Parapet Walls

§27-333 PARAPETS ON EXTERIOR WALLS.  Parapets shall be provided on all exterior walls of buildings of construction class II-A, II-B, or II-C that have roof construction of combustible materials.

§27-333(a) Exceptions.  A parapet need not be provided on the exterior wall of any building:

§27-333(a)(1) That is less than twenty-two feet high; or

§27-333(a)(2) Whose roof has a pitch of more than twenty degrees to the horizontal and whose overhang, fascia, cornice or gutter is of noncombustible construction, or if of combustible construction is separated from the roof and ceiling construction by construction having the fire-resistance rating required for the exterior wall of the building.  Combustible members, excluding roof sheathing and its supporting members, if covered by a class A roof covering and complying with the restrictions as required by section 27-335 of this article, shall not extend through this construction, but shall have at least four inches of solid noncombustible material below, at the sides, and at the ends of such members; or

§27-333(a)(3) That is provided with a fire canopy at, or not more than two feet below the roof level, continuous around that portion of the wall that is without a parapet, constructed as required by subdivision 27-331(f) of section 27-331 of this article.

§27-333(b) Construction.  Parapets required under this section shall be of materials and assembly having at least the fire-resistance rating of the wall below, and shall be at least two feet high.

NYC Building Code 2008: Fire Wall Continuity

705.6 Vertical continuity. Fire walls shall extend from the foundation through the roof, to form a parapet at least 30 inches (762 mm) in height. Such parapet shall in no event extend to a point less than 4 inches (102 mm) above the highest point of peaked or gabled roof.

Exceptions:

1. Where a 2-hour fire wall is permitted in accordance with Table 705.4, such wall shall be permitted to terminate at the underside of the roof sheathing, deck or slab provided:

1.1. The lower roof assembly within 4 feet (1219 mm) of the wall has not less than a 1-hour fire-resistance rating and the entire length and span of supporting elements for the rated roof assembly has a fire-resistance rating of not less than 1 hour; and

1.2. Openings in the roof shall not be located within 4 feet (1219 mm) of the fire wall; and

1.3. Each building shall be provided with not less than a Class A roof covering.

2. In buildings of Type I or II construction, fire walls shall be permitted to terminate at the underside of noncombustible roof sheathing, deck, or slabs where both buildings are provided with not less than a Class A roof covering. Openings in the roof shall not be located within 4 feet (1219 mm) of the fire wall.

3. In buildings of Type III, IV and V construction, fire walls shall be permitted to terminate at the underside of noncombustible roof sheathing or decks provided:

3.1. There are no openings in the roof within 4 feet (1219 mm) of the fire wall; and

3.2. The roof is covered with a minimum Class A roof covering.

4. Buildings located above a parking garage designed in accordance with Section 509.2 shall be permitted to have the fire walls for the buildings located above the parking garage extend from the horizontal separation between the parking garage and the buildings.

NYC Building Code: Roof Reflectance Requirements

1504.8 Reflectance. Roof coverings on roofs or setbacks with slope equal to or less than three two units vertical in 12 units horizontal (25 17 percent) shall be white in color or EnergyStar rated as highly reflective for at least 75 percent of the area of the roof or setback surface. have:

1. A minimum initial solar reflectance of 0.7 in accordance with ASTM C 1549 or ASTM E 1918, and a minimum thermal emittance of 0.75 as determined in accordance with ASTM C 1371 or ASTM E 408; or

2. A minimum SRI of 78 as determined in accordance with ASTM E 1980.

Exceptions:

1. Terraces on setbacks comprising less than 25 percent of the area of the largest floor plate in the building.

2. Green roofs Any portion of a roof covered by a green roof system, including such a system with agricultural plantings, in compliance with Section 1507.16 shall be permitted to comprise part or all of the 75 percent required area coverage.

3. Roofs Any portion of a roof used as outdoor recreation space by the occupants of the building shall be permitted to be either that is landscaped, covered by wood decking or covered with a walking surface or other protective surface, provided that such walking surface or protective surface has with an albedo of 30 percent or greater a minimum initial solar reflectance of 0.3 as determined in accordance with ASTM C 1549 or ASTM E 1918.

4. Ballasted roofs, provided that the ballast has a minimum initial solar reflectance of 0.2 as determined in accordance with ASTM C 1549 or ASTM E 1918.

5. Any portion of a roof that is under mechanical equipment, flush mounted solar panels lying directly on the roof surface, duckboarding, decking, platform, roof tank, cooling tower or any other rooftop structure or equipment exempted by rule by the commissioner.

6. Any roof or portion of a roof composed of glass, metal, clay or concrete tile or plastic/rubber intended to simulate clay or concrete tile, wood, or slate.

7. Any portion of a roof used by a school or daycare center as a playground for children.

8. Any roof, if the amount of rooftop space not subject to exceptions 1 through 7 is in the aggregate less than 100 square feet (9.3 m²).

Stair Parts

NYC Building Code: Minimum Ceiling Heights

1208.2 Minimum ceiling heights. Habitable rooms and spaces shall have a ceiling height of not less than 8 feet (2438 mm). Occupiable spaces and corridors shall have a ceiling height of not less than 7 feet 6 inches (2286 mm). Bathrooms, toilet rooms, kitchens in other than I-1 and R occupancies, kitchenettes in I-1 or R occupancies, storage rooms and laundry rooms shall be permitted to have a ceiling height of not less than 7 feet (2134 mm). All measurements shall be taken from the finished floor to the finished underside of the ceiling or ceiling beams.

Exceptions:

1. In one- and two-family dwellings, beams or girders spaced not less than 4 feet (1219 mm) on center may project not more than 6 inches (152 mm) below the required ceiling height, provided that a clear height of 7 feet (2134 mm) is maintained.

2. Habitable rooms in basements of one-family dwellings, including any projecting beams, shall have a ceiling height of not less than 7 feet (2134 mm).

3. Habitable rooms in basements of multiple dwellings may have as many as four beams crossing the ceiling if none of the beams exceeds 12 inches (305 mm) in width or extends below the ceiling more than 6 inches (152 mm).

4. Spaces above and below a mezzanine, other than habitable spaces, shall have a ceiling height of not less than 7 feet (2134 mm).

NYC Occupiable & Habitable Space Defnitions

1202.1 General. The following words and terms shall, for the purposes of this chapter and as used elsewhere in this code, have the meanings shown herein.

HABITABLE SPACE. All rooms and spaces within a dwelling unit in Group R or I-1, including bedrooms, living rooms, studies, recreation rooms, kitchens, dining rooms and other similar spaces.

Exception: The following spaces within a dwelling unit shall not be considered habitable spaces:

1. A dining space 55 square feet (5.1 m²) or less located off a living room, foyer or kitchen;

2. A kitchenette;

3. A bathroom or toilet room;

4. A laundry room; and

5. A corridor, passageway, or private hall; and a foyer used as an entrance hall in a dwelling unit: not exceeding 10 percent of the total floor area of the dwelling unit; or not exceeding 20 percent of the floor area of the dwelling unit where every habitable room is at least 20 percent larger than the required minimum room sizes established by the New York City Housing Maintenance Code.

KITCHEN. A room with 80 square feet (7.4 m²) or more of floor area which is intended, arranged, designed or used for cooking or warming of food.

KITCHENETTE. A space with less than 80 square feet (7.4 m²) of floor area which is intended, arranged, designed or used for cooking or warming of food.

OCCUPIABLE SPACE. A room or enclosed space, other than a habitable space, designed for human occupancy or use in which individuals may remain for a period of time for rest, amusement, treatment, education, dining, shopping, employment, labor or other similar purposes.

THERMALLY ISOLATED SUNROOM ADDITION. A one-story addition added to an existing building with a glazed area in excess of 40 percent of the gross area of its exterior walls and roof, with a separation of conditioned spaces, between such addition and a dwelling unit, consisting of existing or new wall(s), doors and/or windows.

The Revit Kid.com!: Revit Tutorial - Creating and Modifying Surface Patterns ( .pat files)

The Revit Kid.com!: Revit Tutorial - Creating and Modifying Surface Patterns ( .pat files):

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Cold Formed Metal Framing - archtoolbox.com

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The Jack Arch

Jack arch

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A jack arch is a structural element in masonry construction that provides support at openings in the masonry. Alternate names are "flat arch" and "straight arch".
Unlike regular arches, jack arches are not semicircular in form. Instead, they are flat in profile and are used under the same circumstances as lintels. Unlike lintels, which are subject to bending stress, jack arches are composed of individual masonry elements cut or formed into a wedge shape that efficiently uses the compressive strength of the masonry in the same manner as a regular arch. Like regular arches, jack arches require a mass of masonry to either side to absorb the considerable lateral thrust created by the jack arch.
Jack arches have the advantage of being constructed from relatively small pieces of material that can be handled by individuals, as opposed to lintels which must necessarily be monolithic and which must be oversized unless reinforced by other means.
In small-scale brick masonry projects, jack arches are typically sawn from an appropriately sized fired-clay lintel, giving a more precise and consistent joint width than field-sawn shapes.
There is considerable scope for incorporation of decorative patterns and elements into jack arches. Keystones, stepped or arched top profiles and polychrome or contrasting colors and materials may all be used to create the desired effect.

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How to build a strong economy? Architecture jobs | Marketplace.org

From How to build a strong economy? Architecture jobs | Marketplace.org:

America is slowly getting back to work. The Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today that the number of non-farm related jobs in this country grew by 236,000 in February, and unemployment fell a little to 7.7 percent.

“Regardless of what’s going on in Washington, we’re seeing significant growth in the private sector of the economy. And that really is the big story,” said Bernie Baumohl, chief global economist at the Economic Outlook Group in Princeton. “I think Americans are just generally more confident that this economy is real. That it’s sustainable. That it’s growing. Companies are therefore willing to ramp up employment.”

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New York City Smoke Alarm Interconnection

907.2.10.3 Interconnection. Where more than one smoke alarm or detector is required to be installed within an individual dwelling unit in Group R-2, R-3, or within an individual dwelling unit or sleeping unit in Group R-1, the smoke alarms or detectors shall be interconnected in such a manner that the activation of one alarm or detector will activate all of the alarms or detectors in the individual unit. The alarm or detector shall be clearly audible in all bedrooms over background noise levels with all intervening doors closed.

New York City Smoke Alarm Locations

907.2.10.1.1 Smoke alarms in Groups R-2, R-3, and I-1. Single- or multiple-station smoke alarms shall be installed and maintained in Groups R-2, R-3, and I-1, regardless of occupant load at all of the following locations within a dwelling unit:

1. On the ceiling or wall outside of each room used for sleeping purposes within 15 feet (4572 mm) from the door to such room.

2. In each room used for sleeping purposes.

3. In each story within a dwelling unit, including below-grade stories and penthouses of any area, but not including crawl spaces and uninhabitable attics. In dwellings or dwelling units with split levels and without an intervening door between the adjacent levels, a smoke alarm installed on the upper level shall suffice for the adjacent lower level provided that the lower level is less than one full story below the upper level.

NYC Stairway Access to Roof

1009.12.1 Occupancy Groups I-1, R-1 and R-2. In buildings in Occupancy Groups I-1, R-1 and R-2 two stories or more in height, with roofs having a slope of 15 degrees (0.26 rad)‡ or less, all interior stairs, except those terminating at the level of a setback roof, shall extend to the roof surface.

Exceptions:

1. In buildings in Occupancy Groups R-1 and R-2 two stories in height and in Occupancy Group R-2 three stories in height with not more than one dwelling unit per story, access to the roof shall be permitted to be a noncombustible roof hatch or trap door not less than 21 inches (533 mm) in width and 28 inches (711 mm) in length. Such hatches shall be located within the stair enclosure and be provided with a stationary, noncombustible access ladder or alternating tread device.

2. In buildings in Occupancy Group R-2 complying with Item 4 of Section 1018.2, roof access shall be governed by Item 4.6 of such section.

Source

New York City Fire Code Rooftop Access

504.4.1 Rooftop access.

Access to building rooftops shall be provided as follows:

1. For each 12 linear feet (3658 mm) of building perimeter accessible from the frontage

space of the building and from any other exposure accessible to fire apparatus, a

minimum clearance of 6 feet (1829 mm) in width and 6 feet (1829 mm) in depth from

any obstruction shall be provided at the parapet wall or other perimeter of the rooftop.

Where such building perimeter is 24 linear feet (7315 mm) or greater, but less than 36

linear feet (10 973 mm), the required clearance openings shall be separated by a

distance of not less than 12 linear feet (3658 mm). Where such building perimeter is 36

linear feet (10 973 mm) or greater, the required clearance openings may be contiguous,

provided, however, that such contiguous openings shall not exceed 12 linear feet (3658

mm) and shall be separated from other required clearance openings by a distance of not

less than 12 linear feet (3658 mm). Each exposure accessible by fire apparatus may be

treated separately for purposes of locating clearance openings and otherwise complying

with the requirements of this provision.

2. A minimum clearance of 6 feet (1829 mm) in all directions shall be provided from

each door opening onto a rooftop from a dwelling unit, stairway, bulkhead, or other

occupied space or means of egress, as measured from the door hinge.

3. A minimum clearance of 3 feet (914 mm) in all directions shall be provided from any

fire escape or rooftop access ladder, as measured from each side of the ladder or

landing.

504.4.2 Rooftop obstructions.

Unobstructed space shall be provided on rooftops sufficient

to allow firefighting operations, as follows:

1. A clear path of not less than 6 feet (1829 mm) horizontal width and 9 feet (2743 mm)

in height shall be provided from the front of the building to the rear of the building and

from one side of the building to the other, except that a conduit or pipe in compliance

with the requirements of this section may cross such path. Such clear path shall be

accessible from each point of the rooftop access from which clearance is required

pursuant to Section 504.4.1.

2. To the maximum extent practicable, conduits, including cable trays, and piping, shall

be installed on the rooftop side of the parapet wall. If such installation is not

practicable, conduits and piping shall be installed along the periphery of the rooftop, in

order to minimize rooftop obstructions. Steps or ramps constructed of non-combustible

110

material and equipped with railings shall be provided in the clear paths for any conduits

or piping installations that exceed 1 foot (305 mm) in height above the rooftop. All

conduits and piping installations shall be color coded with continuous, durable and

weatherproof reflective or luminescent markings as follows:

2.1. High voltage wiring

. Red.

2.2. Low voltage wiring

. Orange.

2.3. Natural gas piping

. Yellow.

2.4. Other compressed gas piping

. Yellow, labeled at regular intervals with the type

of gas.

2.5. Fuel oil piping
. Yellow with black stripes.

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